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'<p>
“這還是初級階段的研究，”研究小組的負責人、羅得島普羅威頓斯大學及倫敦皇家學院的多米尼克-米肖德( Dominique Michaud)說，“該項研究不該成爲任何人改變其咖啡和茶攝取量的理由。”</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/140522/3-1405221051132M.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 340px;" /></p>
<p>
即便是咖啡和茶對降低罹患腦膠質瘤風險有些直接效果，其影響也很小。總的來說，腦腫瘤並不常見，比如在歐洲其年發病率估計在女性中爲十萬分之四~六，男性中爲十萬分之六~八。</p>
<p>
總體來看，一個人一生中罹患惡性腦瘤(癌症)的幾率低於百分之一。</p>
<p>
米肖德說，如果咖啡和茶的高攝取量在某種程度上能防止罹患腦膠質瘤，研究者對腦瘤的成因就能進行更深層次的探討。“現在，我們對造成腦癌的成因知之甚少，”她在一次採訪中說。</p>
<p>
該項研究成果發表在美國臨牀營養學雜誌上，該研究結果基於正在十個歐洲國家進行的對癌症潛在風險因素的調查。在調查開始時，521,488名介於25~70歲的受訪者，就他們的醫療史、日常飲食、鍛鍊習慣、吸菸和其它生活方式要素填寫了問卷調查。</p>
<p>
米肖德的研究小組關注了超過410,000名參與者，這些人在接受調查時都未患癌症，而且有完整的日常飲食信息。在平均跟蹤了8.5年以後，343人被診斷出患有腦膠質瘤，另外245人患另一種被稱作腦膜瘤的良性腦瘤。</p>
<p>
當研究者根據參與者在參與調查時的咖啡和茶攝取量來分爲四到五個小組時，並未發現“與攝取量的正相關關係”，即：咖啡和茶的攝取量增加，罹患腦膠質瘤的風險降低。</p>
<p>
但是，當研究者們關注以下兩個小組的時候，發現還有不同：每天至少喝3.5盎司的咖啡或茶，每天喝少於3.5盎司或根本不喝的人。</p>
<p>
喝咖啡/茶更多的人被診斷出患腦膠質瘤的風險降低了三分之一，這其中考慮了諸如年齡、抽菸史等因素。但與罹患腦膜瘤的風險未見直接聯繫。</p>
<p>
據米肖德介紹，他們不清楚爲何咖啡和茶的攝取量與腦膠質瘤風險降低不存在正相關關係，而這通常被認爲是可能的因果關係的重要跡象。但這可能與準確測量參與調查的人的咖啡和茶攝取量的難度有關，因爲調查基礎完全是參與者自己報告的數據。</p>
<p>
不過，咖啡/茶可能影響腦膠質瘤風險的研究結果，從生物學的角度來看仍然有重要意義，米肖德說。</p>
<p>
例如，近期的一項實驗室研究發現，咖啡因有減緩 “膠質母細胞瘤”的生長作用。此外，咖啡和茶都含有抗氧化劑，能保護人體細胞不受損，從而防止罹患癌症和其它疾病.</p>
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